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"The New Brunswick Student Alliance is a student driven organization that advocates for more than 12,000 post-secondary students across New Brunswick. History The New Brunswick Student Alliance/L'Alliance étudiante du Nouveau-Brunswick (NBSA/AÉNB) is a bilingual student advocacy organization which operates in New Brunswick, Canada. Representing over 12,000 post- secondary students at four university campuses across the province, the NBSA works to convey student issues, concerns, and perspectives to the provincial, federal and inter-provincial government. The NBSA works with the province, university administrators and faculty, and other stakeholders toward its goal of an affordable, accessible, and high-quality post-secondary education system in New Brunswick. The organization was first established in 1982 as the New Brunswick Coalition of Students. It was founded to better reflect the diversity and needs of New Brunswick post-secondary students than other student organizations that existed in New Brunswick at the time. In 1983, the NBCS became the NBSA. The organization continued to develop its identity, governance model, and public image throughout the 1980s. In 1986, the NBSA experienced its first major policy success in the awarding of two student representative seats on the Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission. Shortly thereafter, the NBSA experienced a decline in participation and folded temporarily. The 1990s were marked by major cutbacks to the post-secondary education system in New Brunswick. By 1995, the need for a province-based student advocacy movement had resurged and the NBSA was reassembled. The NBSA gained significant exposure in years that followed. It successfully formed relationships with each of the province’s major political parties, seeing all party leaders sign a pledge to help post-secondary students prior to the 1998 New Brunswick election. The NBSA hired its first Executive Director in the mid-2000s. The organization went on to advocate for the creation of a Post- Secondary Education Commission and a separate government ministry for post- secondary education. In 2006, the NBSA embarked on a large scale campaign to raise awareness of student issues by hosting a “Day of Action,” which saw television, radio, and media ads run during the 2006 provincial election. A new Post-Secondary Education Commission commenced in 2007. The NBSA recommended a debt cap, improved repayment options for student loans, and tuition regulation. In 2008, the NBSA held demonstrations across the province calling for a cap on student loan debt. In that year’s budget, the provincial government announced the creation of the Timely Completion Benefit that capped student debt at $26,000 and introduced a new repayment assistance program for recent graduates. In 2010, the Board of Directors eliminated the Executive Director position, electing to operate on a reduced budget without staff support. In 2013, the position was reinstated. In recent years, the NBSA has re-emerged as a strong voice for post-secondary students in New Brunswick. It has built upon existing relationships with each of the province’s major political parties, and has successfully forged new relationships with government, university administrators, and faculty associations. The NBSA has been very vocal in the past as New Brunswick went through multiple initiatives to report and improve on its post-secondary education system. These include the Commission on Post-secondary Education report "Advantage New Brunswick: A province reaches to fulfill its destiny, the Working Group Report and the final Government of New Brunswick "Action Plan to Transform Post-secondary Education". In addition to being active during the 2014 provincial election, the organization continues to actively meet with Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) to provide elected officials with a look into the post- secondary student experience, and to provide suggestions for improving the system in the short- and long-term. The NBSA’s current policy positions include strategic investments in student financial aid, the elimination of in- study and summer earnings assessments, and an expansion of experiential learning opportunities. In the face of a struggling provincial economy, the NBSA continues to work with all stakeholders toward a better post-secondary system and a stronger New Brunswick. Structure and staff The current organizational structure consists of two elected executives and a full-time executive director, working out of an office in Fredericton, New Brunswick. The two executive positions may be held by any student who is a member. The Board of Directors of the NBSA consists, in general, of the Vice-President Externals of member student unions (or VP Education in the case of the St. Thomas University Students' Union) as the voting members and the associated Presidents as observers. All student members are permitted to attend Board meetings and/or participate on committees. =Executive director= * Wasiimah Joomun =Executive Team= *Chair: Patrick Hickey (University of New Brunswick Students' Representative Council) *Vice-Chair: Sarah Kohut (St. Thomas Students' Union) =Current members= *Mount Allison Students’ Union (MASU) *University of New Brunswick Student Union (UNBSU) *University of New Brunswick Saint John Student Representative Council (UNB SRC) *St. Thomas University Students' Union (STUSU) Past executive directors 2019-2020: Kjeld-Mizpah (KJ) Conyers-Steede 2018-2019: Emily Blue 2017-2018: Samuel Titus 2016-2017: Robert Burroughs 2015-2016: Lindsay Handren 2013-2015: Patrick Joyce 2009-2010: Mélissa Cormier 2007-2009: Heather Elliott 2005-2007: Claude Haché ReferencesExternal links * Category:Students' associations in Canada Category:Universities and colleges in New Brunswick Category:Groups of students' unions Category:Organizations based in Fredericton Category:1982 establishments in New Brunswick "
"Banten city from illustration c. 1724. Banten, also written as Bantam, is a port town near the western end of Java, Indonesia. It has a secure harbour at the mouth of Banten River, a navigable passage for light craft into the island's interior. The town is close to the Sunda Strait through which important ocean-going traffic passes between Java and Sumatra. Formerly Old Banten was the capital of a sultanate in the area, was strategically important and a major centre for trade. History In the 5th century Banten was part of the Tarumanagara kingdom. The Lebak relic inscriptions, found in lowland villages on the edge of Ci Danghiyang, Munjul, Pandeglang, Banten, were discovered in 1947 and contains 2 lines of poetry with Pallawa script and Sanskrit language. The inscriptions mentioned the courage of king Purnawarman. After the collapse of the kingdom Tarumanagara following an attack by the Srivijaya empire, power in western Java fell to the Kingdom of Sunda. The Chinese source, Chu-fan-chi, written c. 1200, Chou Ju-kua mentioned that in the early 13th Century, Srivijaya still ruled Sumatra, the Malay peninsula, and western Java (Sunda). The source identifies the port of Sunda as strategic and thriving, pepper from Sunda being among the best in quality. The people worked in agriculture and their houses were built on wooden poles (rumah panggung). However, robbers and thieves plagued the country. It is highly possible that the port of Sunda mentioned by Chou Ju-kua referred to the port of Banten. According to Portuguese explorer, Tomé Pires, in the early 16th century the port of Bantam (Banten) was one of the important ports of the Kingdom of Sunda along with the ports of Pontang, Cheguide (Cigede), Tangaram (Tangerang), Calapa (Sunda Kelapa) and Chimanuk (estuarine of Cimanuk river). As a trading city Bantam received an influx of Islamic influence in the early 16th century. Later in the 16th century Bantam became the seat of the powerful Banten Sultanate. English Bantam The English East India Company began to send ships to the East Indies around 1600 and established a permanent trading post at Bantam in 1603, as did the Dutch also. In 1613, John Jourdain was appointed as Chief Factor there, holding the administrative post until 1616, apart from a few months of 1615, when Thomas Elkington was Chief Factor; he was succeeded in 1616 by George Berkley, but from 1617 until 1630 the factory was under a chosen President. From 1630 until 1634 a succession of Agents were appointed annually, but from 1634 the series of Presidents resumed until 1652. Aaron Baker (1610-1683) served for twenty years as President of Bantam, as is recorded on his mural monument in Dunchideock parish church, Devon. In the thirty years following 1603, the trading factories established by the English on the Coromandel Coast of India, such as those at Machilipatnam (estd. 1611) and Fort St. George (estd. 1639), reported to Bantam.N. S. Ramaswami, Fort St. George, Madras, Pub. No. 49, Tamilnadu State Department of Archaeology (T.N.S.D.A.), Madras, First Edition 1980 During the 17th century, the Portuguese and the Dutch fought for control of Bantam. Eventually, the fact that the Dutch found they could control their Batavia trading factory, established in 1611, more thoroughly than Bantam may have contributed to the decline of the English trading post. The town today Today, Banten is a small local seaport, in the economic shadow of the neighbouring port of Merak to the west and Jakarta to the east. There is a significant Chinese presence in the community. In fiction South-Bantam or Bantan-Kidoel or Lebak was the place where the eponymous character in Multatuli's novel Max Havelaar acted as the assistant-resident. See also *Old Banten *East India Company *English overseas possessions *Dutch East India Company in Indonesia ReferencesWorks cited= * Category:Populated places in Banten "
"Guitjo is a plucked string instrument in the guitar or banjo family. * Guitjo (six-string), a six-string banjo with the neck of a guitar, also known as a banjitar or banjo guitar * Guitjo (double-neck), a (generally) fourteen-string instrument with two necks on a single guitar-like resonating body "