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"Velleia is a genus of herbs in the family Goodeniaceae. Of the 22 species, 21 are endemic to Australia, and one is endemic to New Guinea. The genus was named by James Edward Smith, after Thomas Velley. Species Species include: *Velleia arguta R.Br. *Velleia connata F.Muell. *Velleia cycnopotamica F.Muell. *Velleia daviesii F.Muell. *Velleia discophora F.Muell. *Velleia exigua (F.Muell.) Carolin *Velleia foliosa (Benth.) K.Krause *Velleia glabrata Carolin *Velleia hispida W.Fitzg. *Velleia lyrata R.Br. *Velleia macrocalyx de Vriese *Velleia macrophylla (Lindl.) Benth. *Velleia montana Hook.f. *Velleia panduriformis Benth. *Velleia paradoxa R.Br. *Velleia parvisepta Carolin *Velleia perfoliata R.Br. *Velleia pubescens R.Br. *Velleia rosea S.Moore *Velleia spathulata R.Br. *Velleia trinervis Labill. References Category:Asterales genera Category:Taxa named by James Edward Smith Category:Endemic flora of New Guinea "
"Euthales may refer to: * An algae genus, now a synonym of Velleia * A noctuid moth genus, now a synonym of Cryphia "
"Atrial tachycardia is a type of heart rhythm problem in which the heart's electrical impulse comes from an ectopic pacemaker (that is, an abnormally located cardiac pacemaker) in the upper chambers (atria) of the heart, rather than from the sinoatrial node, the normal origin of the heart's electrical activity. As with any other form of tachycardia (rapid heart beat), the underlying mechanism can be either the rapid discharge of an abnormal focus, the presence of a ring of cardiac tissue that gives rise to a circle movement (reentry),Curr Opin Cardiol. 2001 Jan;16(1):1–7. "Basic mechanisms of reentrant arrhythmias". Antzelevitch C. or a triggered rapid rhythm due to other pathological circumstances (as would be the case with some drug toxicities, such as digoxin toxicity). Classification Forms of atrial tachycardia (ATach) include multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT), focal atrial tachycardia and atrial flutter.50px Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Epidemiology A European study of young males applying for pilot licenses demonstrated that 0.34% had symptomatic atrial tachycardia and 0.46% had symptomatic atrial tachycardia. Etiology Atrial tachycardia tends to occur in individuals with structural heart disease, with or without heart failure, and ischemic coronary artery disease. However, focal atrial tachycardia often occurs in healthy individuals without structural heart disease. Other possible etiologies are listed below: *Hypoxia *Pulmonary disease *Ischemic heart disease *Stimulants: cocaine, caffeine, chocolate, ephedra *Alcohol *Metabolic disturbances *Digoxin toxicity *Heightened sympathetic tone A study noted 10 to 15% of patients presenting for supraventricular tachycardia ablation had atrial tachycardia. Diagnosis Electrocardiographic features include: *Atrial rate: 100 to 250 BPM *Ventricular conduction can be variable **Irregular or irregularly irregular in the setting of variable AV block **Regular if 1 to 1, 2 to 1, or 4 to 1 AV block *P wave morphology **Unifocal, but similar in morphology to each other **Might be inverted **Differs from normal sinus P wave *May exhibit either long RP or short PR intervals *Rhythm may be paroxysmal or sustained **May demonstrate an increase in the rate at initiation (i.e., “warm up,” or “rev up”) **May demonstrate a decrease in the rate at termination (i.e., “cool down”) Treatment Initial management of focal atrial tachycardia should focus on addressing underlying causes: treating acute illness, cessation of stimulants, stress reduction, appropriately managing digoxin toxicity, or chronic disease management. The ventricular rate is controllable with the use of beta blockers or calcium channel blockers. If atrial tachyarrhythmia persists and the patient is symptomatic, the patient may benefit from class IA, IC, or class III antiarrhythmics. Catheter ablation of focal atrial tachycardia may be appropriate in patients failing medical therapy. References External links Category:Cardiac arrhythmia "