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"The Devils Diciples Motorcycle Club (DDMC) is an outlaw motorcycle club that was founded in Fontana, California in 1967. The word outlaw carries a specific meaning which does mean criminal intent. Such clubs/gangs are not sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) and does not adhere to the AMA's rules. The club originally had six members, there is a misconception that the word "disciples" was intentionally misspelled to distance themselves from any type of religion. However, in the early days of the club, some founding members went to Mexico to have their patches made, and the misspelling was unintentional, but stuck. Their insignia is a motorcycle wheel with two tridents crossing over it. In the United States, the club has chapters in Alabama, Arizona, California, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, and Ohio. Controversies In November 2006, the U.S. District Court in Detroit closed its first major methamphetamine case with the sentencing of two Devils Diciples members and five associates in connection to manufacturing methamphetamine. In an investigation into the club begun in 2002, prosecutors in 2009 requested dropping the last remaining charges against the club's national president, Jeff "Fat Dog" Garvin Smith, "...to avoid compromising an ongoing investigation and because the interests of justice require it." Charges against 17 other club members or associates had been dropped in April. These charges included drug trafficking and other offenses, brought when 18 alleged members of the Devils Diciples were arrested on April 2, 2009 by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. During the raid, 42 firearms, 3,000 rounds of ammunition, three bullet-proof vests, $12,000, 15 casino-style slot machines, 1,000 Vicodin and OxyContin pills, 1½ pounds of methamphetamine and 55 pounds of marijuana were seized. The remaining charges Smith was to be tried for were being "...a violent felon in possession of body armor..." as well as "...using a communications facility (a telephone) in furtherance of drug trafficking..." New Baltimore, Michigan District Court Judge Paul Cassidy was investigated in April 2009 for allegedly giving Devils Diciples members preferential treatment. He is a boyhood friend of their National President Jeff Garvin Smith. Cassidy announced his retirement after his home and office were searched as part of the investigation of the Devils Diciples. In 2011, Stephen J. Kinzey, a kinesiology professor at California State University, San Bernardino, was accused of smuggling methamphetamine while part of the club. Per San Bernardino Superior Court records, Kinzey's charges have been dismissed. Duane "Dog" Chapman, now an anti-crime celebrity bounty hunter, was associated with the club during his adolescence. July 2012, 31 Devils Diciples members in Michigan and Alabama were arrested by the FBI. More than 60 firearms and more than 6,000 rounds of ammunition were seized during this investigation. In addition, eight methamphetamine manufacturing laboratories were dismantled. Smith and five other members were convicted in Federal court in 2015 of various offenses. As of July 2015, sentencing had been delayed until 2016. ReferencesExternal links * Category:Outlaw motorcycle clubs Category:1967 establishments in California Category:Organizations established in 1967 Category:Gangs in California Category:Gangs in Detroit Category:Motorcycle clubs in the United States Category:Fontana, California "
"Reedy's Mirror was a literary journal in St. Louis, Missouri in the fin de siècle era.Joseph Griffin, The Small Canvas: Introduction to Dreiser's Short Stories, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1985, p. 36 It billed itself "The Mid-West Weekly."Ronald Weber, The Midwestern Ascendancy in American Writing, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1992, p. 99. Contributors included Robert Frost, Carl Sandburg,Philip Yannella, i Other Carl Sandburg, University Press of Mississippi, 1997, p. xx Ezra Pound, Vachel Lindsay, Harris Merton Lyon,Max J. Putzel, The Man in the Mirror: William Marion Reedy and His Magazine, Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1998, pp. 256-259. Sara Teasdale,Jean Gould, American Women Poets: Pioneers of Modern Poetry, New York City: Dodd Mead, 1980, p. 91 Albert Bloch and Theodore Dreiser. Edgar Lee Masters first published parts of his Spoon River Anthology in Reedy's Mirror over the course of 1914.Edgar Lee Masters' Life and Career, Modern American Poetry, Univ. of Illinois. Overview The journal first appeared on February 25, 1891, under the title of the Sunday Mirror, published by The Sunday Mirror Company in St. Louis.Max J. Puzel, The Man in the Mirror: William Marion Reedy and His Magazine, Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1998, pp. 299-300. On February 28, 1895, the title was changed to The Mirror. On October 1896, it was bought back by James Campbell, and William Marion Reedy became the editor in December 1896. He operated on a shoestring budget. The journal was renamed Reedy's Paper until May 30, 1913, when it became known as Reedy's Mirror. An offspring of that journal called The Mirror was revived from 1920 to 1944, edited first by Charles J. FingerMax J. Putzel, Genius of Place, Louisiana State University Press, 1985, p. 17. and finally by Barry Lewis. References Category:Biannual magazines published in the United States Category:Defunct literary magazines published in the United States Category:Magazines established in 1891 Category:Magazines disestablished in 1944 Category:Magazines published in St. Louis Category:Weekly magazines published in the United States "
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