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"The enamel niche is a structure that appears in a histologic slide of a developing tooth from sectioning the slide in a single plane. The enamel organ looks to be connected to the oral epithelium by two or more strands of dental lamina. The enamel niche is the name of the mesenchymal cells which look to be surrounded by the strands of the dental lamina. In actuality, there is no mesenchyme completely surrounded by dental lamina. This appearance is due to a funnel shaped depression of the dental lamina. These cases are a result from the dental lamina being a curved structure while the slide contains tissue taken in one plane. References *Cate, A.R. Ten. Oral Histology: development, structure, and function. 5th ed. 1998. . Category:Parts of tooth *Orban's Oral Histology and Embryology edited by GS Kumar, 12 edition "
"In Hinduism, there are diverse approaches to conceptualizing God and gender. Many Hindus focus upon impersonal Absolute (Brahman) which is genderless. Other Hindu traditions conceive God as androgynous (both female and male), alternatively as either male or female, while cherishing gender henotheism, that is without denying the existence of other Gods in either gender.John Renard (1999), Responses to 101 Questions on Hinduism, Paulist, , pages 74-76, Hinduism Today, Hawaii The Shakti tradition conceives of God as a female. Other Bhakti traditions of Hinduism have both male and female gods. In ancient and medieval Indian mythology, each masculine deva of the Hindu pantheon is partnered with a feminine who is often a devi.The Concept of Shakti: Hinduism as a Liberating Force for Women by Frank Morales History Male and female deities are extensively mentioned in the Vedas. The earliest mandalas ("Books"; the authorship of each mandala is traditionally ascribed to a particular rishi or that rishi's family) of the Rigveda, estimated to have been composed sometime in the 2nd millennium BCE, invoke and praise both gods and goddesses. Ushas ("Goddess of Dawns") is praised in twenty Hymns of Chapters VI.64, VI.65, VII.78 and X.172, with Hymn VI.64.5 declaring goddess Ushas as the one who must be worshipped first.Rigveda Hymn VI.64.5, HH Wilson (Translator), Trubner & Co London, page 7 Goddesses, other than Ushas, mentioned in early Vedic literature include Prthivi (earth), Aditi (mother of gods, abundance), Sarasvati (river, nourishment), Vac (sound and speech), and Nirrti (death, destruction). Similarly male gods feature prominently in the Vedas, with Indra (rain, lightning), Agni (fire), Varuna (rta, law), Dyaus (sky, virility), Savitr (Surya, sun), and Soma (drink) some of the most mentioned. The two deities most mentioned in Rigveda are Indra and Agni, both male.David R. Kinsley (1986), Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition, University of California Press, , pages 6-8 Surya is the third most revered god, again a male.William Joseph Wilkins, , London Missionary Society, Calcutta Each is mentioned, anywhere rain and fire is evoked. They are profusely praised, with ceremonies and prayers to all gods and goddesses symbolically organized around fire (Agni yajna). The hymns seek strengthening of fire, and it is god Indra who increases the energy of the fire, while god Surya increases his brightness. Max Muller states that, while there are difference in frequency of mentions, gods and goddesses in Rig veda are "neither superior nor inferior; almost every one is represented as supreme and absolute". Gross states that ancient and medieval Hindu literature is richly endowed with gods, goddesses and androgynous representations of God.RM Gross (1978), Hindu Female Deities as a Resource for the Contemporary Rediscovery of the Goddess, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sep., 1978), pages 269-291 This, states Gross, is in contrast with several monotheistic religions, where God is often synonymous with "He" and theism is replete with male anthropomorphisms. In Hinduism, goddess-imagery does not mean loss of male-god, rather the ancient literature presents the two genders as balancing each other and complementary. The Goddesses in Hinduism, states Gross, are strong, beautiful and confident, symbolizing their vitality in cycle of life. While masculine Gods are symbolically represented as those who act, the feminine Goddesses are symbolically portrayed as those who inspire action. Goddesses in Hinduism are envisioned as the patrons of arts, culture, nurture, learning, arts, joys, spirituality and liberation.David R. Kinsley (1986), Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition, University of California Press, God is not either male or female concept in ancient Indian literature. Androgynous concepts of god are common place as well. =Brahman= Most major schools of Hindu philosophy focus their philosophical discourse on the Universal Absolute, called Brahman, which is a grammatically genderless noun.Heinrich Robert Zimmer (1972), Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization, Princeton University Press, , pages 123-128 This Universal Absolute, states Zimmer, is "beyond the differentiating qualifications of sex, beyond any and all limitations, individualizing characteristics whatsoever". The Brahman is the Great Cosmic Spirit, the Ultimate True Reality, the Supreme Self. It is a transcendental concept that includes all virtues, forms, genders, characteristics, capacities, knowledge and being-ness. The history of the genderless concept of Brahman, as the omnipresent Absolute Spirit and Supreme Self, can be traced back to Vedas, and extensively in the earliest Upanishads, such as hymns 1.4.10 and 4.4.5 of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad,Original Sanskrit: बृहदारण्यकोपनिषद् Wikisource; English Translation Hymn 1.4.10: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad - 1.4.10 pages 145-146; English Translation Hymn 4.4.5: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad - 4.4.5 pages 712-713; and hymn 6.2.1 of Chandogya Upanishad 6.2.1.Original Sanskrit: सर्वं खल्विदं ब्रह्म तज्जलानिति शान्त उपासीत । अथ खलु क्रतुमयः पुरुषो यथाक्रतुरस्मिँल्लोके पुरुषो भवति तथेतः प्रेत्य भवति स क्रतुं कुर्वीत ॥ १ ॥ (छान्दोग्योपनिषद् Wikisource); English Translation 1: All this indeed is Brahman. From It the universe comes forth, in It the universe merges, and in It the universe breathes. Therefore a man should meditate on Brahman with a calm mind. Now, a man consists of free will. As he wills in this world, so does he become. Let him, with this knowledge in mind, form his free will. (Chandogya Upanishad The Sandilya Doctrine - 3.14.1); English Translation 2: Chandogya Upanishad III.xiv.1 GN Jha (Translator), page 151 Zimmer clarifies the notion of gender in Sanskrit language and its relation to the concepts of Brahman and God in Hinduism, as follows: Mythology Hindu mythology incorporates numerous devas (gods) and devis (goddesses). These are symbolic stories that synthesize God and gender, with ideas and values. The Vishnu Purana, for example, recites one such myth describes gods and goddesses with names that are loaded with symbolism. An excerpt of the story is as follows, Examples = Smarta and Advaita = The Smarta tradition, which by and large, follows Advaita philosophy believes all forms, male and female, to be different forms of the impersonal Absolute, Brahman which is of neuter gender and can never be defined. Brahman is viewed as without personal attributes (Nirguna Brahman) or with attributes (Saguna Brahman, equated with Ishvara) as God. In Advaita Vedanta, Ishvara is Brahman. Thus according to Smarta views, the divine can be with attributes, Saguna Brahman, and also be viewed with whatever attributes, (e.g., a goddess) a devotee conceives. =Siva and Vishnu= In Vaishnavism and Shaivism,Dvaita Documentation: Vaishnava FAQShaivam - An Introduction God, Vishnu or Shiva respectively, is personified as male. God, however, transcends gender in these sub-schools, and the male form is used as an icon to help focus the Puja (worship). The use of icons is not restricted to male forms. It takes various forms and shapes. The Shaivites and Vaishnavites worship God in non- anthropomorphic, symbolic male-female images as well, such as the linga-yoni and Saligram respectively. In their literature, the principle of God's true nature as sexless is emphasized as in the Vishnu sahasranama. Thus, the first few names, of Vishnu sahasranama, in particular, do not describe features of Vishnu in detail and hence are not anthropomorphic. = Shakti = Shaktism, on the other hand, is a denomination of Hinduism that worships Shakti, or Devi Mata—the Hindu name for the Great Divine Mother—in all of her forms whilst not rejecting the importance of masculine and neuter divinity (which are however deemed to be inactive in the absence of the Shakti). In pure Shaktism, the Great Goddess, or Devi, is worshiped. N. N. Bhattacharyya explained that "[those] who worship the Supreme Deity exclusively as a Female Principle are called Shakta. Alternative interpretations of Shaktism, however—primarily those of Shaivite scholars, such as Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami—argue that the feminine manifest is ultimately only the vehicle through which the masculine Un-manifest Parasiva is ultimately reached. = Radha Krishna = The common separation of Sakti and Saktiman, i.e. Female and Male principle in god arrives at the conclusion Sakti and Saktiman are the same.Surendranath Dasgupta, A History of Indian Philosophy (1991) p. 31 Each and every god has its partner, 'better-half' or Sakti and without this Sakti he is sometimes viewed being without essential power.Santilata Dei, Del Santilata, Vaisnavism in Orissa (1988) p. 167 In some Bhakti schools, devotees of Hinduism worship both genders as a God-pair, rather than a specific gender.Kakoli Basak, (1991) Rabindranath Tagore, a Humanist - p. 11 From the Vaishnava point of view the divine feminine energy (Shakti) implies a divine source of energy, i.e. God as shaktiman. "Sita relates to Rama; Lakshmi belongs to Narayana; Radha has Her Krishna." The female, in these pairs, is viewed as the source of energy and essence of the male.Dave Symmons (1998), This is Hinduism, Nelson Thornes, , page 20Stella Kramrisch (1975), The Indian Great Goddess, History of Religions, Vol. 14, No. 4, pages 260-263 One of the prominent features of Vaishnavism in Manipur, for example, is the worship of the two genders together. Devotees do not worship Krishna alone, or Radha alone, but Radha- Krishna.Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature - p. 4290, Amaresh Datta, Mohan Lal,1994 Rasa and other dances are a feature of the regional folk and religious tradition and often, for example, a female dancer will portray both 'male' Krishna and his consort, Radha, in the same piece. See also * God and gender * Radha Krishna * Ardhanarishvara * Ardhanari * Sky father * Feminism * God * God (male deity) * Goddess Notes References * Category:Eastern philosophy Category:Hindu law Category:Hindu philosophical concepts Category:Hinduism and society Category:Gender and Hinduism "
"CBS 3 may refer to one of the following television stations in the United States: Current affiliates *KBJR-DT2, a digital channel of KBJR-TV in Duluth, Minnesota *KBTX-TV in Bryan/College Station, Texas Semi-satellite of KWTX-TV in Waco, Texas *KIDK in Idaho Falls, Idaho *KIMT in Mason City, Iowa *KLEW-TV in Lewiston, Idaho *KMTV-TV in Omaha, Nebraska *KRTV in Great Falls, Montana *KTVO-DT2, a digital channel of KTVO in Kirksville, Missouri *KYW-TV in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (O&O;) *WBTV in Charlotte, North Carolina *WCAX- TV in Burlington, Vermont *WCIA in Champaign Illinois *WFSB in Hartford, Connecticut *WJMN-TV in Escanaba/Marquette, Michigan Semi-satellite of WFRV- TV in Green Bay, Wisconsin *WRBL in Columbus, Georgia *WREG-TV in Memphis, Tennessee *WSHM-LD in Springfield, Massachusetts *WTKR in Hampton Roads, Virginia *WWAY-DT2, a digital channel of WWAY in Wilmington, North Carolina *WWMT in Grand Rapids, Michigan Formerly affiliated *KCDO-TV, Sterling, Colorado (1963 to 1999) *KDLH, Duluth, Minnesota (1955 to 2016) *KGMV, Wailuku, Hawaii (1955 to 2009) Was a satellite of KGMB in Honolulu, Hawaii *KIEM-TV, Eureka, California (1953 to 1985) *KREG-TV, Glenwood Springs, Colorado (1987 to 2017) Was a satellite of KREX-TV in Grand Junction, Colorado "