Special Operations Command (France) 😍

"The Commandement des Opérations Spéciales (COS; Special Operations Command) is the organisation which coordinates the use of the French special forces of all military branches (Army, Navy, and Air Force). Similar to USSOCOM, NLD SOCOM or UKSF, COS was created on 24 June 1992, following the Gulf War. Its role is to direct and coordinate missions for special forces units; these are permanently under its direct command and immediately available for action. The command is led by a brigadier general or rear admiral, a NATO OF-6 post. Organisation = Army = * Army Special Forces Command 1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment (1er RPIMa) 13th Parachute Dragoon Regiment (13e RDP) 4th Special Forces Helicopter Regiment (4e RHFS) Special Operations Support Group Special Forces Academy = Navy = * Force des Fusiliers Marins et Commandos (FORFUSCO) Commando "Jaubert" - Direct Action & Counter Terrorism Commando "Trépel" - Direct Action & Counter Terrorism Commando "de Penfentenyo" - Reconnaissance & Intelligence Operations Commando "de Montfort" - Reconnaissance & Intelligence Operations Commando "Hubert" - Underwater Combat (Combat Divers) and Counter-Terrorism Commando "Kieffer" - Electronic warfare Commando "Ponchardier" - Operational Support = Air Force = * Air Parachute Commando n° 10, CPA 10 () * Air Parachute Commando n° 30, CPA 30 () * * Division des Opérations Spéciales (DOS; "Special Operations Division") Division des Opérations Spéciales/Transport (DOS/T; "Special Operations Division, Transport section") today, the Escadron de transport 3/61 "Poitou" – Uses C-130 Hercules and C-160 Transall. Division des Opérations Spéciales / Hélicoptères (DOS/H; "Special Operations Division, Helicopter section"). Integrated into the 4th RHFS. = Other special operations forces under the command of DGSE's Action Division = The COS is not in charge of all special military units within the French Armed Forces. Action Division of France's Directorate-General for External Security (DGSE) is responsible for planning and performing clandestine and covert operations including black operations. The core specialisations of the Action Division are sabotage, destruction of materiel, assassination, detaining/kidnapping, and infiltration/exfiltration of persons into/from hostile territory. DGSE operatives are based in three so-called "training centres", officially not combat units then, which compose the Centre d'Instruction des Réservistes Parachutistes (CIRP, "Paratrooper Reservist Instruction Centre"): * The Centre Parachutiste d'Entraînement Spécialisé (CPES, "Paratrooper Specialised Training Centre") in Cercottes for clandestine operations * The Centre Parachutiste d'Instruction Spécialisée (CPIS, "Paratrooper Specialised Instruction Centre") in Perpignan for special commandos. The CPIS is the successor of the Centre d'entraînement à la Guerre Spéciale (CEGS, "Training Centre for Special Warfare") * The Centre Parachutiste d'Entraînement aux Opérations Maritimes (CPEOM, "Paratrooper Training Centre for Maritime Operations") in Quelern, which instructs combat divers. The CPEOM is the successor of the Centre d'Instruction des Nageurs de Combat d'Aspretto. See also * List of special forces units * List of French paratrooper units External links * Specwarnet.com * Le.cos.free.fr * Netmarine.net * Dogs of the French Special Forces, published by Le Monde Category:Special forces of France Category:1992 establishments in France Category:Military units and formations established in 1992 "

NCSY 😍

"NCSY (formerly known as the National Conference of Synagogue Youth) is a Jewish youth group under the auspices of the Orthodox Union. Its operations include Jewish-inspired after-school programs such as "Latte and Learnings"; summer programs in Israel, Europe, and the United States; weekend programming such as FNL (Friday Night Lights), shabbatons, retreats, and regionals; Israel advocacy training; and disaster relief missions known as chesed (kindness) trips.NCSY Background, Orthodox Union, 2000 NCSY also has an alumni department focused on empowering its alumni on campuses across North America to be able to live with a Jewish identity on college campuses. Over the past several decades, NCSY has been the subject of two child sexual abuse scandals involving chapter advisors and directors. NCSY, and its parent organization, the OU, have taken significant steps to address such abuse from an organizational standpoint. History NCSY is the organizational successor to the National Union of Orthodox Jewish Youth, established in 1942 as an Orthodox youth movement similar to a synagogue men's club or sisterhood.Etan Diamond, And I Will Dwell in Their Midst: Orthodox Jews in Suburbia (University of North Carolina Press, 2000 Over time, its emphasis moved to providing positive religious experiences to adolescents. Though outreach to public school youth has been around since the early Young Israel movement, NCSY's most relevant precursor is the Torah Leadership Seminar, created in 1954 by the Division of Communal Services of Yeshiva University under Dr Abraham Stern, which developed the Shabbaton model. There was a core of NCSY from two early founded regions Midwest Region (founded 1951) and Southern Region (founded in 1952 by Rabbi Abraham Isaac Rosenberg and Mr. Abe Rabhan of B'nai B'rith Jacob synagogue in Savannah, Georgia). In 1954, Harold and Enid Boxer donated the money to create a national organization from the already- existing Southern and Midwest Regions. In 1959, NCSY hired Rabbi Pinchas Stolper as the first National Director. In the 1960s there was an emphasis on NCSY Publications with many volumes written by Pinchas Stolper and then later the Aryeh Kaplan Series. They also put out the NCSY Guide to Blessings and the NCSY Bencher. In 1962, NCSY received outstanding praise from Rabbi Meir Kahane, after his having participated as an advisor to the NCSY annual convention. During the social upheavals of the 1960s and 1970s, the Orthodox youth of NCSY strove to temper social change through religious tradition. In this period, at least one NCSY chapter took public action on this point, passing a resolution rejecting marijuana and other drugs as a violation of Jewish law. At the 1971 NCSY international convention, delegates passed resolutions in this vein, calling for members to "forge a social revolution with Torah principles." In the mid-1970s, NCSY started a boys camp at Ner Israel Rabbinical College in Baltimore, MD. It was originally known as "NCSY Goes to Yeshiva," and later changed its name to "Camp NCSY Sports". In 1970, the Israel Summer Institute for Jewish teens was founded. Rabbi Stolper assisted NCSY in expanding internationally into Canada, Israel, Australia, Chile, and Ukraine. By 2015, NCSY Summer Programs included The Anne Samson Jerusalem (TJJ), NCSY Kollel, NCSY Michlelet, NCSY GIVE (Girls Israel Volunteer Experience), NCSY JOLT (Jewish Overseas Leadership Training), NCSY BILT (Boys Israel Leadership Training), and other summer programs. There were 1097 participants in NCSY Summer in 2015. The organization has produced many Jewish children's entertainers who have remained in outreach work, including Uncle Moishy and the Mitzvah Men and Zale Newman. According to the Orthodox sociologist Chaim Waxman, there has been an increase in Haredi influence on NCSY. Waxman based this on NCSY's own sociological self-study.Nathalie Friedman, Faithful Youth: A Study of the National Conference of Synagogue Youth (New York: National Conference of Synagogue Youth, 1998). David Bashevkin is currently the NCSY director of education.Bashevkin, Dovid. "Jonah and the Varieties of Religious Motivation." Lehrhaus. 9 October 2016. 2 October 2017. Organization The organization possesses an International Director within the Orthodox Union, and is subdivided into national, regional and local chapters. NCSY is divided into geographic regions throughout North America. They are New England, Upper New York, New York-Long Island, New Jersey, Atlantic Seaboard, Central East, Southern, South Florida, Greater Midwest, Southwest, West Coast, Northwest, and Canada. Additionally, NCSY runs programming branches in Israel and now Chile and Argentina. Each Region is divided into chapters. A chapter is typically a city, or a group of surrounding towns. In heavily populated Jewish areas like New Jersey, counties may have several chapters. Many chapters in NCSY appoint or elect a group of NCSYers to serve on a chapter board, who work with the advisors or city directors to assist with programming or outreach. Many regions do the same thing, and have a regional board, who do similar things for the region. The International Board consists of representatives from many different regions. NCSY's programming is divided into two age groups, "junior" and "senior"; these generally encompass 5th–8th grades and 9th–12th grades, respectively. Some programs span both age groups, but most programming is unique for each. Programming NCSY's original model was to create the regional Shabbaton, a weekend-long social and educational Shabbat experience based on learning sessions, following in the model of Abraham Stern of Torah Leadership Seminar. Currently, while on Shabbatons kids are treated to skits, learning sessions and ebbing, where participants sit in a circle around the "circle guy" where they sing songs and do "funny" routines. They are housed either in hotels, camps, or grouped with sponsor families who take them in for the weekend. NCSY Summer NCSY Summer runs 18 different trips to Israel, Europe, and North America. The trips have fluctuated every year, with new programs released and other programs cut. Boys Trips: * Camp Sports - "Camp Sports enables participants to hone their athletic skills while learning Torah with their friends and advisors in a fun and relaxed atmosphere. A unique aspect is that teens also go on over 15 exciting day and night trips including paintball, major and minor league baseball games, water tubing, biking, hiking, amusement parks and more, in less than 30 days!" * Kollel - "NCSY Kollel’s sterling reputation is based on the unique combination of learning, trips, sports and relationships, which results in the summer of a lifetime. On NCSY Kollel, you have the opportunity to understand, strengthen and intensify your commitment to Israel and the Jewish people." * RTC - "RTC is an all-boys, three-week, non-stop adventure that travels to the exciting locations on the East Coast of the United States. Intense sports leagues combined with amazing trips and adventures makes RTC the place to be for high school boys during the second half of the summer." Girls Trips: * Camp Maor - "Step into the spotlight and explore their passions for the performing arts on a beautiful campus located in the Pocono Mountains. No matter your level of experience, education or training, girls at Camp Maor have the opportunity to learn from professional artists in acting, dancing and vocal performance." * Euro GO-"Participants on Euro GO will have a chance to enjoy the thrill and beauty of some of the worlds’ richest Jewish history. Travel Europe and Israel for four weeks on this all-girls program in a Torah environment, with great advisors and staff." * GIVE - "GIVE (Girls Israel Volunteer Experience) is a chesed (volunteering) program in Israel focused on giving back to the land and people of Israel. Along with daily learning, touring and awesome night activities, girls on GIVE grow in their passion for chesed, love of Judaism and personal connection to Israel." * GIVE West - "GIVE West is an all-girls volunteering program in the United States. GIVE West travels to the West Coast, stopping in hot spots like Phoenix, San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Yosemite, Portland, and Seattle. Participants have the chance to learn Torah with inspiring advisors, do incredible Chesed activities with new friends, and travel the West Coast from a different perspective!" * Michlelet - "Spend the summer on Michlelet and have the summer of a lifetime! Michlelet is an incredibly balanced program that incorporates interactive learning, meaningful chesed trips, touring the land of Israel and, most of all, fun." Coed Trips: * Euro - "Euro is an amazing way for teens to tour Europe and Israel while simultaneously exploring their Jewish heritage. Euro provides teens with memories and inspiration that last a lifetime and truly gives them the Best. Summer. Ever." * Hatzalah Rescue - "Hatzalah Rescue is a co-ed travel program for teens looking to learn CPR, hemorrhage control, and how to be a first responder. On Hatzalah Rescue teens will be certified as EMR’s, volunteer on an ambulance, assist in the Hatzalah logistics center, all while learning the intricacies of Hatzalah and their daily operations." * Israel ID - "Israel ID is for teens looking to tour Israel while having an all inclusive fun-filled summer. Your journey through the land of Israel begins with the plane landing in Tel Aviv and continues through Tzfat, Jerusalem, Eilat and more." * JOLT - "JOLT is a life-changing experience that provides teens with a rare opportunity to visit Poland, work directly with unaffiliated Jewish children currently living in Germany, and visit Israel. JOLT requires strong leadership skills and motivation, but also includes touring and exciting activities." * JOLT Israel - "JOLT Israel is for teens who want to become leaders and for teen leaders who are looking to enhance their leadership skills. The highlight of the program is running a camp for siblings of children with chronic illnesses for 10-days." * Next Step Internships - "Your internship experience will provide you with a solid framework to work on your career goals while exploring our shared heritage in the land of Israel!" Affiliates *NCSY's programming includes Jewish Student Union (JSU), a division of NCSY, which operates in many public schools. *NCSY works with Agudath Israel of America in running Camp Nageela Midwest. *NCSY Summer Kollel Program is hosted by Ohr Yerushalayim *NCSY Camp Sports is hosted by Ner Israel Rabbinical College *NCSY has always maintained a relationship with Touro College and Yeshiva University, which offers NCSY participants scholarships and recruits both students and personnel from NCSY. Allegations Baruch Lanner is a former director of NCSY convicted for sexual misconduct with minors whom he had contact with through the organization. The investigation began on July 12, 2000, he was indicted in March of that same year and surrendered to authorities and entered a plea of "not-guilty" on April 20, 2000. Lanner was convicted on one account of fondling a student on June 27 of 2002. Baruch Lanner was hired by NCSY's founder Pinchas Stolper in 1970 , and remained his superior until 1994. Lanner was already threatened with suspension for sexual contact with two teenage girls in 1972. At the time, in 2000 one journalist, Gary Rosenblatt of The Jewish Week argued that the Orthodox community had failed to deal with Lanner properly, and argued that NCSY workers often put the ends above means, sometimes with insufficient regard to the family dynamic or the alienation of teens from their parents. It also sometimes tends to a charismatic quality.The Dark Side of Outreach: Does NCSY value religious observance over family harmony? Reassessing the culture of charismatic kiruv. Rosenblatt, Gary The Jewish Week 08-04-2000 In response the Orthodox Union set up a special commission of investigation. A 54-page public report summarizing a much longer document of investigation, found the following. > The report cited "profound errors of judgment" in the way OU leaders dealt > with Lanner and also noted a larger problem of "poor management practices" > in the OU, including a lack of accountability by professionals to volunteer > leadership, lack of involvement by lay leaders in matters of governance, > lack of financial controls and a "total absence of any policies regarding > basic ethical issues" in both the OU and NCSY. As a result of the Lanner scandal, NCSY conducted a thoroughgoing internal review and reformed its structures and running. It created conduct standards, and published a manual on behavior. NCSY has also established an ombudsman hotline. Menachem Chinn is the former leader of the Twin Rivers chapter of NCSY who was convicted of molesting two children under his supervision. Having taught at Shalom Torah Academy in East Windsor and Morgansville, New Jersey, Chinn was first arrested on April 20, 2017 after a former student of his accused him of molesting him in Chinn's home. A week following the initial arrest, a second accuser came forward, revealing that he, also a former student of Chinn, had been repeatedly molested throughout his education at Shalom Torah Academy. Menachem Chinn admitted to both instances of rape and pleaded guilty, thereby serving only a suspended 5-year sentence of prison time. Lawsuit In October 2011, NCSY was sued by a former advisor and employee for violation of the US Fair Labor Standards Act. The class action lawsuit claims that she had to work much longer hours than the allowed 40-hour work week. See also * Orthodox Union, the sponsoring organization of NCSY * KEDMA, an Orthodox college outreach group * United Synagogue Youth, the youth group of Conservative Judaism * National Federation of Temple Youth, the youth movement of Reform Judaism * Young Judaea, the pluralist Zionist youth movement of Hadassah * BBYO, the leading non-denominational Jewish youth movement * Bnei Akiva * Pinchas Stolper * Aryeh Kaplan References External links *National Conference of Synagogue Youth Official website Category:Jewish youth organizations Category:Modern Orthodox Judaism Category:Youth conferences Category:Orthodox Jewish outreach Category:Youth organizations based in the United States "

M14/41 tank 😍

"The M 14/41 was a four-crew medium tank that served from 1941 in the Royal Italian Army. The official Italian designation was Carro Armato M 14/41. The tank was first employed in the North African Campaign where its shortcomings quickly became apparent. History =Development= The M 14/41 was a slightly improved version of the earlier M 13/40 with a more powerful diesel engine. It was produced in limited numbers as it was already considered obsolete by the time of its introduction. The M 14/41 used the same chassis as the M13/40 but with a redesigned hull with better armour. The M 14/41 was manufactured in 1941 and 1942. Nearly 800 had been produced by the time production ended. =In combat= Italian M 14/41 tanks in depot, September 1943. The tank was first employed in the North African Campaign where its shortcomings quickly became apparent. The vehicle was unreliable and cramped, and caught fire easily when hit. Following the withdrawal of Italian forces from North Africa the M14/41 was rarely encountered, though many captured vehicles were pressed into service by British and Australian forces to fill the serious shortage of Allied tanks in 1941. These vehicles did not remain in Allied service for long. Units The first unit to receive the M14/41 was the X Tank Battalion "M" of the 133rd Tank Infantry Regiment. The other units assigned the tank were the following: * IV Tank Battalion "M", 31st Tank Infantry Regiment (later transferred to the 133rd Tank Infantry Regiment) * X Tank Battalion "M", 133rd Tank Infantry Regiment (later transferred to the 132nd Tank Infantry Regiment) * XII Tank Battalion "M", 31st Tank Infantry Regiment (later transferred to the 133rd Tank Infantry Regiment) * XIV Tank Battalion "M", 31st Tank Infantry Regiment * XV Tank Battalion "M", 1st Infantry Division "Superga" * XVI Mixed Tank Battalion, in Sardinia * XVII Tank Battalion "M", 31st Tank Infantry Regiment * XVIII Tank Battalion "M", reserve unit based in Italy, disbanded 8 September 1943 * LI Tank Battalion "M", 31st Tank Infantry Regiment (later transferred to the 133rd Tank Infantry Regiment) Variants The M 14/41 chassis served as the basis for the far more successful Semovente da 90/53 tank destroyer. References ;Notes ;Bibliography * External links *M13/40, M14/41 Medium Tanks at wwiivehicles.com *Polish site about Fiat M14/41 with many pictures *Tanks encyclopedia: Carro Armato M14/41 Category:Medium tanks of Italy Category:World War II tanks of Italy M14 41 Category:Gio. Ansaldo & C. armored vehicles Category:World War II medium tanks "