Series 90 🐇

"Series 90 may refer to: *Express Series 90, an American homebuilt aircraft design *Series 90 (software platform), a platform for mobile phones that uses Symbian OS "

Mummadi 🐇

"Mummadi is the 3rd ordinal number or regnal number given to Kings and Queens in Kannada. Similarly there is Immadi(2nd) Nalvadi(4th). Regnal numbers are used to distinguish among persons with the same name who held the same office. The following is a short list of some well-known personalities carrying the last name of "Mummadi". * Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar - Krishnaraja Wodeyar III, Member of the Wodeyar dynasty which ruled Mysore, known for his service to the Mysore state. * Immadi Pulikeshi- Pulakesi II The Chalukya Ruler. * Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar- Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, 24th ruler of the Wodeyar dynasty of Mysore. Category:Titles Category:Indian monarchs "

Quinic acid 🐇

"Quinic acid is a cyclitol, a cyclic polyol, and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is a colorless solid that can be extracted from plant sources. Quinic acid is implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee. Occurrence and preparation The compound is obtained from cinchona bark, coffee beans, the bark of Eucalyptus globulus. It is a constituent of the tara tannins. Urtica dioica is another common source. It is made synthetically by hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid. Quinic acid is also implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee. History and biosynthesis Shikimic acid, biosynthetic precursor to aromatic amino acids, is a close relative of quinic acid.This substance was isolated for the first time in 1806 by French pharmacist Nicolas VauquelinL. N. Vauquelin (1806) "Expériences sur les diverses espèces de Quinquina" (Experiments on various species of Quinquina), Annales de Chimie, 59 : 113-169. Quinic acid is named on p. 167. From p. 167: "Concluons donc que cet acide est véritablement différent de tous ceux qui sont connus maintenant, et donnons-lui le nom d'acide kinique du mot quinquina, … " (Let us thus conclude that this acid is truly different from all those that are now known, and let us give it the name of quinic acid from the word quinquina, … ) and its transformation into hippuric acid by animal metabolism was studied by German chemist Eduard Lautemann in 1863.Lautemann, E. (1863) "Ueber die Reduction der Chinasäure zu Benzoësäure und die Verwandlung derselben in Hippursäure im thierischen Organismus" (On the reduction of quinic acid to benzoic acid and its transformation into hippuric acid in the animal organism), Annalen der Chemie, 125 : 9–13. Its biosynthesis begins with the transformation of glucose into erythrose 4-phosphate. This four-carbon substrate is condensed with phosphoenol pyruvate to give the seven-carbon 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) by the action of a synthase. Two subsequent steps involving dehydroquinic acid synthase and a dehydrogenase afford the compound. Derived bicyclic lactones are called quinides. One example is 4-caffeoyl-1,5-quinide. Dehydrogenation and oxidation of quinic acid affords gallic acid. Applications and medicinal activity Quinic acid is used as an astringent. This acid is a versatile chiral starting material for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. It is a building block in the preparation of the treatment of influenza A and B strains called Tamiflu. Quinic acid is also thought to displace binding of the μ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone. References Further reading * Category:Cyclohexanecarboxylic acids Category:Tetrols "